مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 91، خرداد 1394)

A variety of sports activities canlead to different immune and hormone responses in human body.The aim of presentstudy was to comparethe acute effects of endurance exercise (EE), resistance exercise (RE) and concurrent exercise (CE) on seruminterleukin-10 (IL-10)and cortisol concentrationand leukocyte numbers in active young men.

In this study twenty healthy and active young men (mean age: 21.69±2.66years old; BMI: 21.92±1.89; Fat%: 14.49±3.05)randomlyand voluntary wereclassified into three groupsincluding: Endurance activity (n=7), Resistance activity ((n=6), Parallel activity(n=7). Theprotocol of three activities simultaneously was performed during 45 minutessimultaneously. Serum concentrationsof IL-10and cortisol were measured by ELISA method and thenumbers of leukocytes were counted before, immediate and 1 hourafteractivity. Data were analyzedbyusing analysis of variance with Repeated-Measures,One-Way ANOVAand LSD post-hoc and Paired T testswith a significant levelp<0.05.

Serum levels of IL-10 in all three periods were significantly different between three types of exercise including Endurance, Resistance, Parallel exercises. Cortisol response showed significant differencesbetweenthree types of sport activity immediately after exerciseand 1 hour afterexercise. Also, the leukocytesnumbers showedsignificant differencesbetween three types of sport activityimmediately after exercise(p<0.05).

IL-10,cortisol and leukocytesresponses to exercise are dependent ontype of exercise. Also, combination ofResistance and Endurance activitiescan lead to responses from both types of activity and it leads to adjustment of responses to some extent.

In the developed and modern world, all things are depended on complicated and risky technology. Hospitals are also among the high-risk areas that observances of safety considerations in different hospital section lead to reduce likely risk and lawsuits. Central heating system is like a hospital hearts that not only helps to create air conditioning but also helps to improve patient's condition. The aim of this study was to detection of hazards and risk assessment by ETBA method in central heating System in Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital in 2013.

This case study was conducted in the Kashan shahid beheshti hospital central heating system in 2013. ETBA method was used to hazards identification and risk assessment. Required information for this study was collected by field observations, interview with staff and engineers, energy checklist, investigation of technical documents and available maps by investigation team.

overall, 8 energy and 35 potential risks were identified that among them, the risk of 12 hazards was estimated unacceptable, 20 risks was estimated unfavorable and 3 risks was estimated acceptable.

regarding to high number of identified hazards and associated risks which is related to them it is necessary that corrective measures to be taken to reduce the risk of hazards level in this place.

Copper (Cu) is one of the most important heavy metals. Regarding to Cu importance and applications of this metal in medicine and industry, investigation of its impact on human life and disorders in different vital parameters would be necessary. This study investigates the toxicity impact of Cu on serum parameters related to renal function.

Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. Copper chloride was daily injected to rats with amounts of 0.5 cc, 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg of normal saline for control group intraperitoneally for three weeks. Then, Serum parameters of renal function (sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and protein) were measured.

Exposure to copper chloride reduces the level of urea, sodium and protein and increases serum creatinine and potassium levels than the control group significantly. These impacts were dose-dependent as the amount of 1.5 mg / kg of copper chloride, created poisoning from this element has increased.

The findings of this study show that following the exposure with copper chloride, kidney function is impaired. Since copper has an important role in body function, more attention should be paid to this metal.

Burnout defined as, feelings of loss of energy and powerlessness, hopelessness and helplessness. Quality is defined as the satisfaction of customer needs. This definition emphasized on organization's ability to determine the needs and demands of customers and fulfilling these needs. Perceived quality of service by patients can be transferred to nurses who are associated with patients.

This study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that performed on 100 patients and 100 nurses by simple sampling method. The instrument we used was a two-part questionnaire including Meslash and Jackson (1981) job burnout of nurse's questionnaire and SERVQUAL measuring the perception of quality of service standard questionnaire of Zdhml and Bytner (1996). The reliability and validity of questionnaire was confirmed and data were analyzed by using SPSS 21 software and Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, analysis of variance, Friedman's rank tests were used.

Patient’s perception from quality of service and its aspects affected on job burnout of nurses. Empathy (β=0/577, P<0/05), tangibility (β=0/486, P<0/50), assurance (β=0/472, P<0/50), reliability (β=0/144, P<0/50), responsiveness (β=0/225, P<0/50) have the most significant negative effect on job burnout of nurses respectively.

To offer better services and attention to patients can provide their satisfaction and loyalty and prevent job burnout of nurses and employees.

Although nowadays industrial development and development of technology has been background of human welfare, but occupational accidents are the potential adverse consequences that are considered as a serious threat for health. This study is aimed to epidemiologic study of bone and soft tissue injuries resulting from occupational accidents in hospitalized patients of Shahid Beheshti hospital.

In this cross sectional study all patients were entered to study who admitted at orthopedic section of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babol city during 2010 – 2012 because of bone and soft tissue injuries resulting from occupational accidents. Information were including demographic characteristics, job, work experience, level of education, time and month of accident event, cause of accidents, affected limb, damaged area and type of injury were extracted from patient's files and then data were analyzed.

of 227 patients, 18.1% were admitted in 2010, 35.6% in 2011 and 46.3% in 2012. 98.2% were male and most of the victims (65.2%) were in the age range of 36-17years. The highest proportion of accidents occurred among construction workers (47.1%). upper limbs had a (69%) most damage and, Most of damage was bone damage (32.6%) and there was a significant relationship between the type of job, cause of accident and injured limb (P<0.0001 and P=0.01 respectively), but there was no significant relationship between type of job and injury (P=0.8).

The increasing incidence of occupational accidents, the high prevalence in construction jobs and construction prosperity in coastal areas of the country highlighted the need to adopt preventive measures and to reduce the incidence of these adverse events and its consequences.

Studies have shown despite the difficulty inphonological awareness skills among those children with Down syndrome they can grow these skills. The aim of this study was to design of training program of awareness from phoneme and study of its impact on skills improvement of awareness from phoneme among children with Down syndrome.

In this single case study with A-B-A examine, eight students were selected among student with down syndrom in the first grade by available nonprobability sampling. After designing of training program of awareness from phoneme and use of personal information questionnaire, Goodenough draw-a-man IQ test and phonological awareness test, 36 sessions of 30 minutes was held for each subject that intervention was ended when it reach the criterion of 80% of correct answer in the generalize items. Data were analyzed by visual analysis method and determine of effect size.

Finding showed that effect size of intervention was high in increasing of awareness from phoneme skills in all six subjects. Also according to visual analysis, subjects operation increased after intervention. This improvement was faster in phoneme blending skill and in phoneme isolation skill was slower than other skills. Minimum effect size was observed in phoneme isolation skill and maximum effect size in phoneme blending skill.

Designed program have a positive effect on phonemic awareness skills in student with Down syndrome and this program will enhance their skills.

Introductin: Art therapy is a creative way to growth and promotion of people's physical, mental and emotional health. Unfortunately, we had no study about effectiveness of art therapy to reduce people's mental problems with stuttering. The present study performed to examine the effectiveness of art therapy based on painting therapy to reduce anxiety of children with stuttering.

This research was semi-experimental study (pre-test, post-test with control group). The Statistical sample included 30 children with stuttering that were selected with nonprobability method from speech therapy centers of Tabriz city and they were randomly allocated to two equal groups including experimental and control. (N=120). Spence children’s anxiety scale (1997) was used in order to assessment of anxiety, experimental group during 12 sessions of 30 minutes (twice per week) began free painting under the supervision of therapist. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software and one way ANOVA statistical test were used.

The results indicated that there was a significant difference between mean score of post-test and following of experimental and control groups (P<001).

The results showed that art therapy based on painting therapy is an effective way to reduce anxiety of children with stuttering. Therapists can profit from painting therapy beside other treatment methods to reduce anxiety of these children.

benzodiazepine drugs notably have an anxiolytic and amnesic features, while β-carbolines as their receptors inverse agonists show effects of anxiety and increasing learning features. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of Norharmane on memory retention of Alzheimer model rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) in passive avoidance learning.

48 male wistar rats were divided into: control, STZ, STZ+ alcohol and STZ+ norharmane groups. STZ was injected bilaterally into lateral ventricles for induction of AD, (3 mg/kg, i.c.v, 10 μl on each side). Two weeks later, all rats were trained in the passive avoidance device (50Hz, 1mA, for 3sec). Alcohol (0.2ml) or Norharmane (1, 2, 4 mg/kg, Intraperitoneal) were injected to rats after training immediately. Retention test was done 48 hours later. The time to take the animal enters the dark chamber device measured as a standard memory.

Injection of Norharmane in low dose (1, 2 mg/kg) after training improve memory retention in Alzheimer's rats while Norharmane in high dose (4 mg/kg) lead to further impairment of memory retention in Alzheimer's rats of streptozotoc model. So that presence time in the light area before entering to dark area in the STZ+norharmane (2 mg/kg) group were significantly higher than STZ group (P<0.05).

According to findings, Norharmane, as inverse agonists of benzodiazepine receptors in low doses may be useful through stimulation GABA receptors for Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Financial resources in sector of health are limited and demands to medical services are unlimited, also new services and technologies have been added to competition market that was leads to growing in use of health resources. Awareness from prescription and analysis of costly points can help to optimize the costs of health care.

The present article examines the way of CT scans prescription in insured health insurance organization in zone 4 of country in the first half of 2012. Sample size was appointed by Morgan table and cluster method was used. Samples were selected from 26 medical radiation centers in 20 cities and data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 21.

The result of present study illustrated that 84% of CT scan costs were in governmental part that share of medical universities was 69% and share of other non-academic governmental part was 15%. Most rates of prescriptions given to specialists with 87.5% prescriptions and 82.5% of total cost of prescriptions were studied. 86.2% of prescriptions were prescribed by 10 specialists. Most of prescriptions were belonged to neurology group with frequency equal 26.5% of total prescriptions. 68.7% of prescriptions have been requested simply and 31.3 % of them have a spiral request. 80.2% requests and 67.8% of prescriptions cost were without contrast. Brain CT scan have allocated the most frequency (43.2%) and costs (29.3%).

Acquisition of manufacturer centers variables, type of professions, specialty, CT scan method, type of C T scan, the number of prescribed limb and the number of limb which CT scan have been done on it are effective in costs.

The burnout is a state of physical, emotional and mental fatigue that arise due to emotional unceasing and repeated pressure resulting from intensive and long term contact with clients. Burn out happen as a result of severe stress, constant and controlled and also when the demand of working environment is more than the personal abilities for adjustment or success. The aim of this article was to study effectiveness of burnout in emotional exhaustion, personal performance, depersonalization, and job involvement dimensions components of hardiness. Hardiness as a simultaneous personality construct has composed of three components (control, commitment and challenge). Kobasa et al believed that people who work harder than others they are active and targeted and their approach to life is with interest and excitement. The aim of this research is the effectiveness of hardiness components training on burnout.

117 personnel participated in this quasi-experimentalis study. The population was consists of all Olympic national committee personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran who employed in 2013-2014. 117 employees were selected by simple random sampling (including 15 males and 10 females). According to purpose of this study, Kobasa's hardiness and Meslesh's burnout questionnaire were used. SPSS 18 software was used and Data were analyzed by using dependent T-method and multivariate covariance analysis.

T-test analysis in level 5% showed that mean burnout of four factors including: emotional exhaustion, personal performance, depersonalization, and job involvement has changed before and after hardiness component training. Furthermore, The covariance analysis showed that regarding to mean of burnout components in final test with 99% confidence interval, we can say that hardiness have an influence on personnel burnout.

Results illustrated that the importance of hardiness training on reducing of stress and burnout in working environment.

In spite of low prevalence of aortic dissection but delay in diagnosis and treatment usually related with high mortality rate. Otherwise immediate surgical Treatment, survival rate of this disease is increasing dramatically. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and outcome of acute aortic dissection in female patients in Imam Ali heart hospital.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, during the years 2001-2011 all female patients admission with acute coronary syndrome were evaluated and 62 female patients diagnosis of aortic dissection with acute aortic dissection evaluated through questionnaire and SPSS 16 soft ware and descriptive statistics were analyzed.

In this cross- sectional study 62 female patients with aortic dissection have been studied, average out breaks in Kermanshah was 2.8% per 100000 people in year. The mean age was 65.8 years. 53% has history of Hypertension, 12.9% has smoking with Hypertension and 11.2% has history of diabetes with Hypertension. During admission 78% has sever chest pain, and trans thoracic echocardiography was done for diagnosis of all the patients, another diagnosis was done with TEE(trans esophageal echo) 31.1% CT scan 11.2% angiography 9.6% over all mortality rate of patients during hospitalization was 16.1%.

Acute aortic dissection is highly lethal disease in women which early and rapid diagnosis and treatment may results excellent prognosis.

Nowadays, potential risks have been well known for human health which associated with toxic heavy metals in environment.Cadmium is one of the most important heavy metals that its presence in aquatic environment have created many concerns due to high toxicity at low concentrations and the ability to accumulate in living tissues. several methods have been studied to remove of heavy metals but, using low prices absorbents has been considered by researchers to remove these metals in recent years. in this research, we will study cadmium removal by natural clinoptilolite zeolite. Material s &

The experiments were conducted with natural zeolite discontinuous. To determine the characteristics of zeolite, Scanning Electroni Microscop (SEM) and X-ray diffraction Device (XRD) have been used. effect of some parameters have studied on efficency of cadmium elimination and adssorption isotherms, including: PH (2,4,6,8,10), contact time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 min), adsorbant dosage (0.2,0.5,0.8,1,2 gr) and mtetal ion concentration (10, 50, 100 mg/L).

According to absorption of cadmium process results, The optimum PH was equal 6 with removal efficencies of 83.3% and equiliberium time of 90 minuts with removal efficencies of 93.1%,. As expected, The amount of absorbed cadmium ereduced by increasing the concentration of cadmium. Between both models Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm, Langmuir model have described cadmium adsorption of cadmium on the adsorbent better than Freundlich.

The results of current study have indicated that natural linoptilolite zeolite can be used as an efficient and I nexpensive absorbent to elemination of cadmium in aquatic environments.

Worldwide, migraine is a chronic disease that it annually affects 6% of men and 18% of women. It is a common disorder in childhood and adolescence periods. Studies have indicated that riboflavin intake can play important role in reduction of migraine symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to review the researches which conducted in field of relationship between riboflavin and symptoms of migraine.

This systematic review was conducted by searching on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science data bases and using keywords including: “migraine”, “headache”, “riboflavin” and “vitamin B2”. In this article, we were reviewed clinical trial, cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective studies which published during 1994 to 2014. Inclusion criteria were studies that diagnosed migraine with IHS criteria and they were performed on human, and exclusion criteria included non-English language articles and studies that investigated headaches as the main aim.

of 76 articles we found, the final analysis was based on 7 articles. Investigated studies on adults showed that riboflavin supplementation in high dose (400 mg) not only improve the migraine symptoms, but also have a prophylactic or preventive role in development of migraine attacks. Studies that were performed among children showed that taking 400 mg riboflavin improve migraine symptoms, but taking lower doses such as 200 or 50 mg, showed no significant effect on migraine symptoms.

Riboflavin in high-doses (400 mg) probably reduces migraine symptoms both among adults and children. But due to few studies in this field, further studies are recommended.

Echinococcosis disease is one of the most common diseases of human and animals in many parts of the world, including Iran, which is caused by larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This parasite has a high genetic diversity and including a complex of different genotypes (strains). Usually in areas where disease is endemic, there is a relatively high genetic diversity in parasite biologically. Studies in different parts of the world demonstrate that genotype variation and the nature of E.granulosus influenced on the life cycle of parasite, transmission routes, pathogenesis, and antigenicity, immunogenicity, response to medication, epidemiology and control of the disease. The aim of present study was to determination of genotype isolates of human and sheep hydatid in Ilam province for the first time.

20 hydatid cyst samples were collected from sheep Ilam Industrial slaughterhouses and 10 human samples from Ilam hospitals. After DNA extraction of protoscoleces, mitDNA NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad-1) areas was amplified by PCR and the PCR products were analyzed by PCR-RFLP.

Based on the results which obtained, the size of proliferative nad-1 products was 550 base pairs. Patterns of parts which obtained from PCR products after cutting by AluI and RsaI enzymes showed that all samples had a similar RFLP pattern but HpaII enzyme did not cut any region and had no change in fragment size.

The results of this study indicated that genotypic similarities between the size of DNA bands of E. granulosus from human and sheep isolates with PCR-RFLP method indicated the occurrence of similarities genotypes of E.granulosus in Ilam region. There is at least one genotype of parasite, which belongs to E. granulosous sensu stricto (G1-G3) complex.

Addiction is one of the most important psychosocial injuries in our country. Estimation of number of addicts in communities have always been a difficult and and controversies. The aim of the present was to estimation of number of addicts to drug abuse addicts by using capture-recapture method in Ilam city.

Data were collected by using questionnaire based on check list and capture-recapture method from addicts referring to addiction treatment centers and camps. Then, geometric probability distribution was used to estimate the number of hidden population of drug users with 95% confidence interval.

There were 1713 addicts in recovery campuses in Ilam city. According to capture recapture methods, it is estimated that the number of addicts in this city is within 7939 people (95% CI: 6694-9184). So, percent of drug users than total population 15 years and over of the city was estimated 10%. Also, the use of drugs among identified addicts illustrated that use of drugs was started with 28% in the 70s and in 80s have increased to extremely alarming rate of 67.2%.

The overall results of the study indicate that addiction has an increasing trend in Ilam and its growth in was began in 1370s and accelerated in late 1380s and a shift is happening from use of traditional materials (such as drugs) to the new drugs, industrial and kitchen (such as glass and crack).

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, despite its relatively low prevalence of mental disorders among the most complex and interesting. that many factors can influence on it. The current study was Role of Styles of thinking styles and attributional styles and optimism and pessimism in the prediction of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This was a correlation study and consisting of all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to psychiatric clinics, from Ardabil in 1391. Thee xact figures werenot accessible. Among this population, forty patients having OCD were selected. In order to collect data, OCD questionnaire, Maudsley practical, Sternberg thinking style questionnaire, Seligman attribution style questionnaire, were applied and the revised and life directional questionnaire.

The collected data multiple regression analysis. The conclusions indicated that depicted that there is a significant correlation among thinking styles, instruments, and attributional styles, optimism and pessimism which predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The most predictive variables were optimism and pessimism, respectively.

Obsessive disorder it causes problems in family practice and risk for patients. These results demonstrate the prominent role of thinking styles, attribution styles, optimism and pessimismin forming and developing compulsive thought which ispragmatic.

Computer games are a major part of leisure time for students. In case of not observing the necessary precautions, these games can have a devastating impact on children’s body and soul, causing structural changes in the behaviour and norms.Health educators of each school are the most influencing peopleto maintain physical and mental health of children. Therefore, this paper is aimed to study Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of this group about the effects of computer gameson the health of students.

In this cross-sectional studyof kap Studytype, one hundred educators employed in middle schools were attended. Selecting the samples were done using systematic sampling of specimens from three cites aspresentersof Ilam province. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was conducted by specialists and itsreliability score was 0.769 based ontest-retest andCronbach's alpha. The data were analysedusing SPSS18 and appropriate statistical tests.

62% of participants were male and 80% were married. 52% have had less than 15 years history and 68% hadbachelor degree. Mean knowledge score of participants was1.3± 0.839 and the mean attitude score was 39.1± 3.84, respectively. While the average behaviourscore of the study participants also was 1.86±1.03.

Despite the relatively positive attitude, knowledge and practice of educators about the impact of computer games on children's health is poor. It seems appropriate intervention and regulation enforcement in schools can be a helpful way.

class B beta-lactamases such as IMP and VIM that read metallo-β-lactamase(MBL), due to the hydrolysis of penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems for the teatment of infectious diseases, major difficulties create. In study, the prevalence of MBL blaIMP and blaVIM genes in urinary isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated in ilam province.

A total of 60 strains of P. aeruginosa Central Laboratory of ilam, were collected and were identified using biochemical methods Antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method(Kirby-Bauer) forantibiotics cefepiem, ceftriaxone, Aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin tazobactam and imipenem was performed. Then strain insensitive to ceftazidime, the method Ceftazidime - EDTA Combined disk synergy test(CDST-CAZ) Was used to detect MBL-producing strains. The PCR test strains using specific primers for blaIMP and blaVIM genes was investigated.

A total of 17 strains were resistant to ceftazidime. With method CDST all strains non-susceptible to ceftazidime, were MBL-producers. PCR and sequencing methods proved that 6 isolates were positive for blaVIM genes, whereas none were positive for blaIMP genes. All isolates that were positive for VIM gene were resistant to all antibiotics studied except piperacillin tazobactam.

In this study, blaVIM dominant gene in P. aeruginosa urinary strains resistant to ceftazidime was administrative. Given the importance of MBL-producing strains in hospitals, rapid detection of these strains could be crucial step in the treatment and control of infections caused by these strains is considered.

Studies have been shown that mothers personality characteristics and parenting styles have important role in externalizing disorder of offspring. The purpose of present research study is comparison of personality characteristics and parenting styles of elementary school girls students mothers with externalizing disorder with mothers of normal students.

The population of this research include all mothers of Ilam elementary school girl students who have studied in 93-92 school year. To selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method and given them the personality characteristics and parenting styles questionnaires so that were completed by their mothers. After collecting data, They were analyzed by SPSS software and multivariate analysis of variance test.

The results shows there was no significant differences in terms of personality characteristic and parenting styles between the mothers of girl student with externalizing disorder and mothers of normal girl students. It means that the personality characteristics and parenting styles are similar for both of them.

According to results of this study, it is recommended that personality characteristics and parenting styles of parents in both genders with externalizing disorder comparison together.

Importance of upper limb function is clear in creating individual autonomy and daily activities. In this context, the role of dexterity is debatable in meeting of this important requirement since; after stroke major problems are occurred in hand function in particular dexterity. The present study, studied the effect of progressive resistance exercise on strength and dexterity of upper limb among adult hemiplegic patients.

This interventional research was performed on 17 adult hemiplegic patients after approving by TUMS ethical committee. After consent and introducing of test method, isometric strength of shoulder extensor and abductor muscles was evaluated by manual muscle assessment (MMT) and Pinch muscles strength by Pinch Gauge and Grip muscles strength by Jamar Dynamometer in kilograms and dexterity rate was evaluated by Minnesota manual dexterity test based on number in seconds and the results were recorded. Clients benefited from 6 intervention weeks. The resistance was offered to patients was set by weights which were attached to pulley. They were evaluated every two weeks and with the isometric muscle strength development more resistant is created in sinkers weight.

Results of this study showed that, after intervention period, progressive resistance exercises led to significant improvements in shoulder abductor and extensor muscles isometric strength, Pinch and Grip muscles strength and dexterity variables (P =0 / 000).

Present study showed that in rehabilitation of hemiplegia, to increase shoulder extensor and abductor muscles isometric strengths, Pinch and Grip muscles strength and finally improvement of hand function, especially dexterity can utilize in treatment of progressive resistance exercises.